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Monday, June 24, 2013

Paula Deen and Words

Today I posted a status on my Facebook page that ran thusly:    
      <---Is very frustrated when I see nifty pics or sayings that share my sentiments, but contain the f-bomb. Really? I remember my mom saying that what comes out of your mouth reflects what's on your inside.

Several people made comments on the status, ranging from what makes a "bad word" a bad word, and eventually the discussion turned to racially charged language, which led me to share some thoughts on the recent Paula Deen controversy.  (I don't know if you'll be able to see my status unless you are my Facebook Friend, but HERE is a link in case you can see it.)  If you can't see it you could send me a friend request, but I'm not guaranteeing I'll accept.
 
Prior to this status adventure, I had been pondering the whole Paula Deen situation.  It relates on some level to my Outrage Overload posting earlier.  I feel compelled to share my thoughts on the issue.

As you may know, I teach English.  This means that I teach literature.  I love teaching literature because I love language, and I love how literature can give us a way to look at the world around us and develop our moral standards based on the experiences of the characters we encounter.  I love teaching texts with challenging issues.  Some of my favorite works to teach include Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird and John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.  In the past I have taught such works as I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain.  One thing you may notice about these four works is that they all have race in common.  Each of these texts contains racial language that in today's culture is offensive.  In fact, these four works are in the top 25 of the most frequently challenged books list, as compiled by the American Library Association.  (You can see the full list HERE.)  The primary reason for each of these books is because of the racial language used.

Whenever I teach a text that contains potentially offensive material, I take some time to address that not only with my students but also with parents.  I will explain that I do not choose such material lightly, and that I plan to handle the material as respectfully and appropriately as possible.  I explain that in works such as these, it is important to understand the historical and cultural context in which such language is used.  The use of racial language in these works is necessary in the sense that it was a part of the culture in which the novel or memoir is set.  I use the example the presence of violence and dying in a novel about the Vietnam war; it would be impossible to write a realistic novel about something like that without death and violence.  I also emphasize that in today's culture we have an understanding that racial language is not appropriate and isn't something we should use outside of the context of discussing the novel.  If students or I must read something aloud or quote something in writing, I encourage them to handle the offensive language in a variety of ways: they can skip the word, say the first initial, or whatever else is comfortable for them.

This is all a lengthy prelude to my thoughts on the Paula Deen controversy.  Sorry, but sometimes I have to explain myself too thoroughly in order to be confident that I'm conveying myself correctly.

I am not surprised that Paula Deen admits to using racial language now or in her past.  I am not surprised that she wouldn't be fazed by the use of racial or ethnic jokes.  I am not surprised that she would think that a plantation-themed restaurant that had only African-American servers is charming.  Do I support or condone these behaviors?  Certainly not.  But I'm not surprised.

Much of what I've read about this shares some common themes.  Predominant among them is the idea that Paula Deen is a product of the culture in which she was raised.  She's white.  She's from the South.  She grew up in the South in a time when such thinking was common.  She probably heard racial language used by the people around her.  

However, Paula Deen lives in today's culture.  She's a public figure.  The fact that she may have used and allowed racial language and jokes in her presence was not the best choice to make.  Even if she was raised in a different culture, that does not excuse her turning a blind eye to such behavior.

I was raised in a different culture.  Using such language was considered beyond inappropriate..in fact racially-charged terms were (and are) considered just as bad as "swear" words.  I cannot imagine using such words out loud other than in the context of studying literature or quoting what someone else had said.   

One of the more overlooked aspects of this controversy seems to be that Deen thought it would be "impressive" to have all African-American servers at her brother's wedding.  She wanted to give hi m a "real Southern-style" wedding (See this article.) Evidently Deen had been to a restaurant where all the servers were African-American.  She thought it reflected a particular era, pre-Civil War to be exact.  Again, I'm not surprised.  

We have romanticized the Antebellum Era here in America.  The Southern plantation represents a genteel, beautiful time of hoopskirts, mint juleps, and southern drawls.  Let me rephrase this...White Americans have done this.  

We seem to overlook that the plantation culture was run on the backs of slaves.  Gone with the Wind, North and South, and hundreds of other novels, plays, and films have created this image of plantation culture that idealizes even the lives of slaves.  I myself went through a phase in high school where I was enamored of the southern belle and the plantations.  Although I can't recall specific references, I remember that there were some who believed that slavery was actually good for African Americans.

Yet I cannot believe that someone of such a high profile (or anyone, for that matter) would even consider such a theme for a wedding or a restaurant.  In this day and age, to glorify a culture that relied on the abuse of a group of people is beyond the pale.

As with any issue, there are those who are running Deen over the coals and those who support her unequivocally.  Some are saying she can never be forgiven, others are saying that she hasn't done anything worse than anyone else.  She has begun to express remorse, and after ducking out of a scheduled interview on The Today Show, she has apparently rescheduled to appear on Wednesday, June 26.  

Is she truly sorry for her actions or is she sorry that she got called out?  I don't know.  Will she survive the controversy?  Probably.  Americans are pretty forgiving.  Why?  Most of us realize that "there, but for the grace of God, go I."  All of us are quite capable of making similar, if not worse mistakes. 

Friday, June 21, 2013

Outrage Overload

I love the Internet, really I do.  As a teacher, I have tried to embrace its usefulness in enhancing my students' learning experience.  I participate myself in social media such as Facebook and Pinterest.  I use the Internet daily as a resource to learn more about the world around me.  I am able to connect with old friends, former students, family, and friends in mostly positive ways.

I hate the Internet too.  It has, in my opinion, created what I call a "culture of outrage".  Because we have access to news stories from around the world, we see and hear about events that we never would have learned about even five years ago.  Small town news stories come across our news feeds, and then suddenly the story goes viral.  In fact, I think it's quite appropriate that the adjective applied to an Internet story spreading quickly is "viral".  Because the outrage created by some of these viral stories is like a disease.

Take, for example the recent story about the Miles Ambridge class photo.  If you haven't heard this story, you can read about it here: Miles Ambridge Class Photo.  The second grade class at this Canadian elementary school had its group photo taken, but the problem was that one of the students, who was in a wheelchair was "excluded" from the photo because he was off to the side.  In the photo, the young boy was leaning to his right, straining to be closer to his classmates.

This story has come up several times on my Facebook news feed, and to summarize a lot of the reaction, you'd think that the photographer was the leader of an anti-wheelchair hate group.  I may be exaggerating just a little bit, but the indignation the photograph created seems excessive.   Please don't get me wrong, I believe people should be treated fairly and that intentional exclusion because of a handicap or other characteristic should never happen. 

But I just don't think that this was intentional.  And I don't think that the photographer and the school should be vilified because of something that was inadvertent.  People make mistakes.  Sometimes things like this just happen.  When we're in a hurry, or on a schedule, or for whatever reason, sometimes we just don't think and we take the quickest route to accomplish a task.  It's unthinking but it's not always intentional. 

I don't think there's anyone out there who hasn't done something similar for a similar reason.  We've made a poor choice, not because we are mean people, but because we are in a hurry or it just doesn't come to our minds.  Sometimes those actions can hurt others' feelings.  Sometimes they don't.  The end result is almost always "What was I thinking?"  If it is something that hurt another person, then you step up and try to make it right. 

I have a 10 year old nephew.  A couple years ago, when the last Harry Potter film came out in theaters, he spent the night at my house, we watched the 6th movie, and then the first part of the 7th.  We made special treats (mint chocolate chip brownie ice cream sandwiches).  Then the next day we went to the theater to see the last film.  It was great, and we decided we'd do it again.  Last summer we did it with the Men in Black movies.   It was a sort of special thing, just me and him together doing something with "just us."

A couple weeks ago, I was with him, his sister, my mom, and my sister at Orange Leaf.  I asked him if he wanted to see the new Despicable Me movie, and both he and his sister responded quite enthusiastically.  Without thinking I suggested that we do our special spend-the-night-at-my-house thing, and his sister responded enthusiastically, but he didn't.  In fact, the look on his face was a little disappointed.  Oops.  Later on I talked to him by himself and asked him if he was disappointed, and he was.  Fortunately, we were able to have our special night this past week, and when Despicable Me 2 comes out, the 3 of us will have our fun treat and movie night-to-day. 

The thing is, just because something like this happens doesn't mean that outrage is warranted.   The school responded with retaking the picture.  It took responsibility for the mistake and took steps to make it right.  If the school had not responded or responded insensitively, then maybe outrage would be warranted.  But is MY outrage necessary?  Does this directly affect me?   What good am I really doing in this particular situation?  Is there something in my own community that deserves my outrage?  I live in Indiana...what does a photograph of a second grade class in Canada have to do with my community?   I would be better off turning my eyes to my own community and directing my energies to righting the wrongs here.

Seriously, outrage should be reserved for what is truly outrageous.  Intentional, detrimentally hurtful actions.  Outrage is exhausting, and taking a moment to think about what outrages you allows you to perhaps truly affect something significant. 

Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Words are Important

Recently I posted the following meme on my Facebook page:

I posted it because it is from one of my favorite movies, The Princess Bride, and also because as an English teacher, I have to say this to my students a lot.

A friend of mine, also an English teacher, commented on the picture.  She mentioned that, after a year of reading AP Language essays, she had begun to hate the word "plethora" because her students were overusing it.  I jokingly responded that I didn't like the word, nor did I know really how it was pronounced...was it pleth-er-uh or pleth-OR-uh?  A former student of mine commented, asking why it mattered, as long as we knew what the student meant.  I responded that most English teachers have pet peeve words or phrases.  He interpreted this exchange as if we were mocking our students.  This is not, in fact, true.  We were discussing word usage.

There's a lot of subtext in the exchange that someone who is not an English teacher may be unaware of.  We English teachers spend a lot of time looking at words.  We teach about words.  We notice words, even when we are not in English teacher mode.  We analyze words, not only in the literature texts we teach but also in the student work we read.  We try to instill in our students the importance of words in any kind of writing: both the writing they read and the writing they create themselves.

Words are important.  We English teachers pay attention to them.  A lot.

A famous quotation attributed to Mark Twain states, "The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug."  My problem with a word like "plethora" is that I believe it is a word that many people (students in particular) use because they believe it sounds intelligent.  They don't use it because it expresses their ideas exactly.  They are using the word to impress.

Whenever I teach students about vocabulary and word choice, I try to help them understand one basic fact: they should choose words that express their ideas as precisely as possible.  John Keating, Robin Williams' character in the movie "Dead Poets Society" told his class, "So avoid using the word ‘very’ because it’s lazy. A man is not very tired, he is exhausted. Don’t use very sad, use morose. Language was invented for one reason, boys - to woo women - and, in that endeavor, laziness will not do."  The point he is making is that in order for language to be effective, it must be exact.

Language must have meaning.  Today there are so many words that are overused to the extent that their power is lost.  Think about a word like "awesome".  The definition of the word is "extremely impressive or daunting; inspiring great admiration, apprehension, or fear," yet we use this word to describe anything from frozen yogurt to the latest baseball victory.  This is a word that should be reserved for true power: the presence of God, the destruction after a volcano.  It should be used for anything that inspires genuine awe. 

I realize that most people don't really notice words in the same way that I do.  It's part of my daily existence to pay attention to words.  Words do, however make an impression on each of us whether we notice it or not.  Just as an experiment, the next time you see an advertisement, watch the news, or read an article in the newspaper, think about some of the standout words.  The men and women who create them pay attention to the words they choose because they want to achieve a certain reaction from you, their audience.  Those choices are not made lightly because the creators have a specific goal in mind, and they know that certain words will trigger certain reactions in you.

Here is part of the exchange, just for the record:
My friend's first response:  You know what was a favorite of my students this year? Plethora. I started hating the word "plethora."
Me:  I don't like it much, either. Now, is it pronounced PLETH-ER-AH, or PLETH-OR-AH? I have heard it both ways.
My friend: I think it depends on your accent.

I'll let you decide if it's mocking our students or not.